Universos Jurídicos

THE ENERGETIC REVOLUTIONS OF THE HUMANITY

Héctor Carreón Rojano — 2025-06-04

Within the evolution of man on earth, we will locate how the first energy revolution of the human being arises to promote development and how they were separated in the subsequent stages of humanity due to the use of a new energy, all of this, with the primary objective of pointing out ¿When? And ¿How? The use of them marked the first manifestations of the warming of our planet.

Specifically,on the second part of this study we will refer specifically to the knowledage of the role that the Law has played in relation to the phenomenon og global warming.

CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW IN THE FOURTH WAVE OF HUMAN RIGHTS: ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES

Juan Carlos Lucero Rojas — 2025-05-31

Since the invention of computers and the development of telecommunications to the advent of the Internet, the impact of these advances on various sectors of society, everyday life, and the development of armed conflicts is undeniable. Within this vast technological spectrum, artificial intelligence (AI) stands out as one of the most significant innovations, radically transforming multiple aspects of daily life, from the economy and industry to politics and culture. The ability of AI to process large volumes of data, learn from them, and make autonomous decisions presents both unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Among these challenges, the most critical are found in the field of International Humanitarian Law and the accelerated evolution of the forms of armed conflict.

However, the response to these challenges has been varied and, in many cases, insufficient. Although there are normative frameworks and global agreements aimed at protecting human rights, the rapid evolution of AI has rendered many of these regulations obsolete or, at the very least, tested them in ways for which they were unprepared.

In this regard, it is proposed to examine in depth the challenges of international humanitarian law in the new wave of human rights. To address this complex issue, a descriptive methodology will be followed, integrating legal, ethical, technological, and political perspectives, with the aim of offering a comprehensive and critical view of the current situation and potential future courses of action.

APPLICATION OF DEFICIENCY OF THE COMPLAINT IN FAMILY PROCESSES IN MEXICO

Rosa Laura Altamirano Castañeda — 2025-05-31

The new National Code of Civil and Family Procedures, which is about to come into force throughout the Mexican Republic, established, as a guiding principle of the family process, among others, that of open litigation, which allows the change of circumstances to be considered during the process, and not only to the facts initially stated in the complaint and response. This principle had already been considered previously by the Federal Courts, through their jurisprudential criteria. This analysis aims, on the one hand, to reveal that, although the courts have recognized its existence, they do not always apply it, and that this has generated damage, and on the other, that, with the newly regulated procedural law, it is imperative to apply the principle and, therefore, that actions be taken for it.

AUTONOMY, GOVERNANCE AND LEADERSHIP IN UNIVERSITIES

Ana Marcela Mina Hernández — 2025-05-31

In the participatory society of our time, every day public and private institutions are required to ensure that the higher education they provide is characterized by educational excellence.

Faced with this great challenge, universities must ensure that the planning of their teaching-learning processes and the best decision-making of their management staff, go through a true construction of university governance that, without risking institutional autonomy, facilitates the achievement of their social mission and where the leadership of those who direct them allows the participation not only of their university communities but of the different actors, in a kind of quintuple helix that makes possible the incorporation of better ideas and proposals to address the just demands of the society.

HUMAN RIGHTS AND MENTAL HEALTH: STRENGTHENING DIGNITY IN THE RIGHTS OF ADOLESCENTS

Mateo Ovando Arias — 2025-05-31

The adolescent is a subject with rights, with his or her own cognitive and emotional capacities, which require an environment conducive to his or her psychosocial development. The transcendence of behavior and interaction with the environment is analyzed to assimilate individual diversity as a value that enriches society. Inherent to the adolescent development process are cognitive processes, feelings, emotions, and perceptions, conditioned by the contexts or biopsychoenvironmental factors predisposing to mental health. The methodology used was qualitative, descriptive-propositional, based on sources of documentary information and interpretation of the most representative texts using Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutical method. It begins with the interpretation of the principle of dignity aimed at the right to mental health of adolescents from a philosophical approach of law. As a result, it highlights the importance of promoting an environment of support, communication and self-esteem to strengthen the psychological well-being of the adolescent as an essential aspect in the current context. It is concluded that mental health is related to the dignity, freedom, self-determination and self-preservation-transcendence of the adolescent, and it is necessary to focus on mental health as an element of the principle of dignity, including the principles of equality-non-discrimination and freedom granted by human rights.

CERTAINTY IN THE 2024 ELECTIONS. THE TOTAL COUNT OF THE POLLING BOXES IN THE FEDERAL DIPUTATION, CASE XALAPA

Bulmaro Cruz Hernández — 2025-05-31

In the 2024 elections, the popular representations of the Legislative and Executive Branches were elected, at the federal level; and in some federal entities, in addition to the two powers, the City Councils were also renewed. In Xalapa, the results of the federal deputy election were very competitive between two candidates. After the means of challenge were resolved, the difference between the first and second voting places was 302 votes. The electoral law states that when the difference between the 1st and 2nd voting place is equal to or less than one percentage point, the appropriate thing to do is to develop the district count under the modality of the total count of the polling stations installed on Election Day. This measure makes it possible to correct probable irregularities or inconsistencies in the counting and recording of votes in each of the polling stations.

UTILITARIANISM AS A SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY; BASIC PRINCIPLES

Pompeya Elvira García Alba — 2025-05-31

In this article classical utilitarianism is presented as a social ethical system within political philosophy. It addresses situations of poverty with progressive signs and is currently used in countries from Africa and Latin America. The basic or philosophical principles of the utilitarian current of J. Bentham and J. S. Mill are presented such as the criteria of material welfare for the worst off socially -who tend to be the majority- and the pursuit of happiness in a society based on hedonism, which considers pleasure and pain within the social framework of coexistence. This work includes some relevant criticism of utilitarianism and its defense in social policies to seek the improvement of material living conditions of many people.

LABOR CONCILIATION TOWARDS A NEW FORM OF LABOR JUSTICE IN MEXICO FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Jesús Romero Sánchez — 2025-05-31

The objective of this article is to analyze Labor Conciliation as the new form of Labor Justice in Mexico that responds to the various contexts that have prevented the resolution of labor conflicts in the country and that had an impact on the Reforms to the Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico and to the secondary laws on labor matters of 2008. 2017 and 2019. Among the main findings is the need to train specialists who practice Labor Conciliation with multidiscipline, research profile and who place the people involved in superiority to reach a resolution of their conflict that attends to their interests and rights.

MIGRATION LAW IN MEXICO: LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL IN-STRUMENTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF MIGRANTS' RIGHTS IN MEXICO

Julio Martínez Delgado — 2025-05-31

The purpose of the work is to review the international instruments on migration that are at the forefront for the protection of the human rights of migrants, one of them of a regional nature in America, to contrast it with the Mexican Migration Law in force and to see what its progress is and what are the rights, objectives and commitments that it should implement, it also reviews the way in which the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation has interpreted the text of the Migration Law in various criteria and its harmonization that exists between the Law under analysis and the binding and guiding criteria of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the foregoing in order to review that the more similar and uniform we have a Migration Law with international instruments and with the interpretation of the criteria of the Inter-American Court we will talk about a respectful migration of human rights in Mexico.

THE EFFECTS OF THE FAVORABLE RULING AMPARO: FROM RESTITUTION TO REMEDIAL MEASURES

Carlos Martín Gómez Marinero — 2025-05-31

As of the constitutional reforms of June 6 and 10, 2011, about amparo and human rights, the possibility of initiating the amparo trial was introduced based on a legitimate interest from the obligation of all authorities to repair violations to human rights. These elements have allowed us to question the traditional effect of restitution that characterizes the favorable rulings amparo, to raise the possibility of introducing remedial measures, in a broad sense. Although the Supreme Court of Justice has gradually expanded the possibility of establishing, in its judgment, effects beyond restitution, it has not done so based on the obligation to repair human rights violations, which generates an absence of definition on the assumptions and scope that the judges must have in the establishment of remedial measures.

THE GRANTING OF PATENTS ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED SEEDS IN THE LIGHT OF THE INTERPRETATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAW

Samuel Gibran Ortiz Williams — 2025-05-31

At the beginning of the 20th century, food was fresh, but today it has undergone genetic alterations that cause health problems. It is a human right to know the effects of Genetically Modified Organisms on the human and animal body; therefore, it is a vital right to know what we are buying as food, what we are going to consume inside our bodies.

In Mexico, the Federal Government has not established policies or mechanisms that require supermarkets to indicate the type of food they are selling.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) legislation contemplated cases in which genetically modified seeds were excluded from patentability, especially in cases where public order was disrupted.

CYBERBULLYING IN THE DIGITAL PANOPTICON: SOCIO-EDUCATIONAL RISKS AND LEGAL CHALLENGES IN THE AGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA

Emilio Fernández Pérez — 2025-05-31

This article explores a growing concern in the lives of teenagers: cyberbullying through social media. While these platforms offer many opportunities for connection and expression, they have also become spaces where subtle and often invisible forms of violence circulate, especially among school-age children and adolescents. The aim of this paper is to understand how digital dynamics, such as constant exposure, anonymity, and silent surveillance, contribute to the normalization of cyberbullying, and to identify potential responses from both education and the legal system.

The central research question is: How do hyperconnectivity and the prevailing culture of transparency in social media encourage the spread of cyberbullying, and what roles can schools, families, and legal frameworks play in addressing it effectively?

To explore this question, the study employs a theoretical and documentary approach, drawing on previous research, philosophical and pedagogical texts, and institutional reports on the subject. The findings suggest that cyberbullying is not an isolated issue, but part of a broader cultural shift in which the boundaries between public and private life have become increasingly blurred—leaving young people particularly vulnerable.

Based on this analysis, the article puts forward several key recommendations, including improving teacher training in digital citizenship, promoting critical media literacy, updating legal frameworks, and fostering cooperation between families, schools, and digital platforms. These steps are essential to create safer, more respectful digital environments where young people can grow and engage without fear.

THE RIGHTS OF TAXPAYERS IN MEXICO

Reynaldo Robles Cardoso — 2025-05-31

The rights of taxpayers in Mexico are established in various legal frameworks, ranging from the Constitution to the Federal Law of Taxpayer Rights and international treaties. This article addresses the rights of taxpayers in different legal frameworks in Mexico, interpreting and expanding their conception in accordance with doctrine. The methodology employed is descriptive with a qualitative focus, involving a thorough review of the current regulations on the subject. It is concluded that it is crucial to be aware of taxpayer rights in order to respect and enforce them before the authorities.

AZUARA MODEL FOR ESTABLISHING THE TYPOLOGY OF VIOLENCE (MODELO AZUARA PARA EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE LA TIPOLOGÍA DE LA VIOLENCIA)

Carlos Antonio Vázquez-Azuara — 2025-05-31

There are various classifications that allow different types of violence to be identified; however, there is no general consensus. Some scholars classify violence based on the perpetrator, others on the degree of harm it causes, and others on the means used to carry it out, therefore, it is relevant to establish a classification, approaches and types of violence, taking into account the various factors that converge for its analysis and understanding, in order to generate a typology that allows a better understanding of the phenomenon of violence, in this order of ideas, The Azuara model emerges, which classifies violence into three large categories, which in turn are divided into eleven general approaches, which result, up to this point, in one hundred and fifty-four types of violence that have been identified, which enables a better analysis and understanding of the different aspects of violence and its impact on people and society, serving as a guideline that provides a series of delimited and defined guidelines that can be used to identify, generate, perfect, establish or modify the different modalities of violence that have been recognized.

COVER, LEGAL PAGE AND INDEX

Universos Juridicos — 2025-06-04

Cover, legal page