Autonomía y justicia: El impacto de la reforma constitucional del 2024 en las comunidades indígenas y afrodescendientes

Abstract

This essay analyzes the impact of the 2024 constitutional reform to Article 2, which recognizes Indigenous and Afro-Mexican peoples as subjects of public law, strengthening their autonomy, cultural protection, and collective rights in Mexico. One of its main contributions is a reflection on the challenges the State must confront considering the new obligations established by the reform, particularly about vulnerable groups within the communities.

It provides a specialized documentary review of the human rights of Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples and a comparative study of the article in question before and after the reform. It concludes that, thanks to the conceptual transformations and their implications, the reform represents a significant advance in guaranteeing rights, autonomy, and justice for Indigenous and Afro-Mexican communities.