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Abstract
In recent years, the world has witnessed a growing backlash against globalization. This article analyzes the nature, causes, and consequences of these anti-globalization reactions. It proposes that, contrary to popular narratives, the backlash is not associated with a major shift in public opinion against globalization, but rather is the result of its politicization. The increasing influence of anti-globalization actors has led to more protectionist, isolationist, and nationalist policies, some of which fundamentally threaten the pillars of the contemporary international order. Both material and non-material causes drive the backlash against globalization, and these causes interact and mediate one another. The consequences are determined by the responses of social actors, national governments, and international policymakers. These responses can either reinforce the global backlash or push back against it. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for the future of globalization.
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